Convertir valores en MySQL

Activado 15 Jan, 2012 Por Adolfo 45 Comentarios

A veces nos encontramos con campos en las tablas de MySQL que queremos tratar de forma distinta a como están definidos. Por ejemplo nos podemos encontrar con la intención de ordenar un campo alfanumérico del que conocemos que todos los datos son numericos. La ordenación obtenida no será la esperada ya que 11 tendrá preferencia sobre 2 y no sobre 20, poer ejemplo. Para solucionar esto podemos utilizar las funciones de conversión CAST y CONVERT.

La utilización es muy sencilla, basta con utilizar la función del modo

CAST (expresión AS tipo), CONVERT (expresión, tipo) o CONVERT (exprsión USING formato).

Expresión será lo que queramos convertir o forzar al tipo, por ejemplo el nombre de una columna. En el caso de formato lo utilizaremos para cambiar el formato de una expresión y pasar, por ejemplo de latin1 a utf8. Esto puede ser muy útil al insertar valores en una nueva tabla.

Un ejemplo lo podemos encontrar en la ordenación indicada al principio.

SELECT enum_col FROM tbl_name ORDER BY CAST(enum_col AS CHAR);

Los valores que pueden adaptar son:

  • BINARY. Produce una expresión binaria, apta para comparaciones byte a byte en lugar de por caráceres.
  • CHAR.
  • DATE.
  • DATETIME.
  • DECIMAL. Solo está disponible a partir de la versión 5.0.8 de MySQL.
  • SIGNED. Valores enteros.
  • TIME.
  • UNSIGNED. Valores enteros con signo.

Con estas funciones solucionamos de forma sencilla un problema que puede llegar a producir bastantes quebradreros de cabeza.

Etiquetas: 
MySQL

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